Scale
A reduced or rudimentary leaf, for example surrounding a dormant bud, a thin flap of tissue, for example on the ventral surface of a liverwort thallus and at the base of a stamen in members of the family Simaroubaceae.
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Inheritance and Probability
Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, is most famous in this field for his study of the phenotype of pea plants, including the shape of the peas on the pea plants. Know the works of Mendel that set the foundation of genetics. ..
Vascular Plants: Ferns and Relatives
Ferns and their relatives are vascular plants, meaning they have xylem and phloem tissues. Because of the presence of vascular tissue, the leaves of ferns and their relatives are better organized than the mosses and liverworts. ..
New Zealand’s Unique Fauna
Meet some of New Zealand's unique fauna, including endemic insects, frogs, reptiles, birds, and mammals, and investigate why many have such distinctive features. You'll also find out about why there are so few native mammals and the impact of introduced pests on the unique natural ecosystems...
Amphibians & Early Reptiles
Obtaining air outside an aquatic environment required species to acquire suitable adaptations, and this was the case of amphibians. However, they were limited by their inability to inhabit drylands. Apparently, the early reptiles were able to do so. To learn more about the evolution of amphibians and reptiles, read this tutorial...
Animal Water Regulation
Animals adapt to their environment in aspects of anatomy, physiology, and behavior. This tutorial will help you understand how animals adapt to their habitat. For instance, how animals thrive in aquatic habitat and are able to overcome osmosis. It also sheds light on the reasons animals adapt...