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Search Results for: homologous chromosome

Homologous chromosome

A homologous chromosome pertains to one of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, loci, chromosomal length, and... Read More

Chromosome

Chromosomes Definition Chromosomes are thread-like structures present in the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Chromosomes... Read More

Y chromosome

Y chromosome Definition The Y chromosome constitutes one member of the pair of sex chromosomes within an organism, a common... Read More

Homology

In biology, homology refers to similarities caused by shared ancestry between two structures or genes from distinct species.... Read More

Sister chromatids

Sister Chromatids Definition Sister chromatids are defined as the two identical copies of a single replicated chromosome... Read More

Chromatids

Chromatid Definition Chromatids are found inside our cells. Chromatids are condensed chromosomes distinguishable during... Read More

Meiosis

What is Meiosis? A simple definition of meiosis would be is this: meiosis is the process of cell division that results in... Read More

Recombination DNA repair

Recombination DNA Repair Definition Recombination DNA repair is a biological reparative process in response to DNA damage... Read More

Bivalent

Bivalent Definition What is bivalent? In genetics, bivalent is used in describing homologous chromosomes (referred to as... Read More

Gamete

Definition of Gamete What is a gamete? A gamete is the mature reproductive or sex cell that contains a haploid number of... Read More

Prophase I

Organisms all use mitosis to create more cells in the body. Meiosis, a similar process, is used in some organisms to undergo... Read More

Chromatin

Chromatin Definition What is chromatin in a cell? Chromatin is a complex of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA or RNA) and proteins... Read More

Chromosome Mutations

Reviewed by: Mary Anne Clark, Ph.D.By nature, the genetic information from both parents is expected to be seen... Read More

Metaphase

Metaphase Definition Metaphase is the third phase of mitosis after prophase and before anaphase. Mitosis is the process by... Read More

Anaphase

In order to keep the process of biological existence ever-going, the phenomenon of cell multiplication is very important.... Read More

Independent Assortment

Independent Assortment Definition Independent assortment refers to the alleles or genes that sort into the newly formed... Read More

Polyploid

Definition noun, plural: polyploids A cell or an organism having a genome with multiple (more than two) sets of homologous... Read More

Law of Segregation

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance The father of genetics, Gregor Mendel, reported his findings in 1860 that initially were... Read More

Telophase

Telophase is the stage of cell division characterized by the decondensation of chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope... Read More

Centromere

Centromere Definition Centromere is defined as the point of attachment for the sister chromatids generated after DNA... Read More

Prophase

Prophase is the first stage of mitosis; the very first step in this crucial process of the M-phase of the cell cycle. Now as... Read More

Chromosomal crossover

Chromosomal Crossover Definition noun A process occurring during meiosis wherein homologous chromosomes pair up and... Read More

Diploid

Diploid Definition Let's first understand the meaning of the word - diploid. From the words ‘di’, meaning "two", and... Read More

Autosome

Autosomes can be described as the non-sex chromosomes that play diverse roles in the human body like harboring genes for the... Read More

Meiosis and Alternation of Generations

Review of Mitosis: Cell Cycle The cell cycle contains the process in which cells are either dividing or in between... Read More

Meiotic spindle

Meiotic Spindle Definition The meiotic spindle refers to the spindle apparatus that forms during meiosis in contrast to... Read More

Chromosomes X and Y and Sex Determination

Reviewed by: Mary Anne Clark, Ph.D.In humans, the normal chromosome complement is 46, consisting of 22 pairs of... Read More

Pachytene

Definition noun The stage after zygotene and precedes diplotene, and is highlighted by homologous chromosomes shortening,... Read More

Metaphase I

Definition noun The second stage in the first meiotic division after prophase I, and highlights the alignment of paired... Read More

Trisomy

Definition noun, plural: trisomies (genetics) A type of aneuploidy characterized by the gain of an extra copy of a... Read More

Heterozygote

Definition noun, plural: heterozygotes A nucleus, cell or organism possessing two different alleles for a particular... Read More

Zygosity

Definition noun (genetics) The degree of similarity or the dissimilarity of the DNA sequences in specific coding segments,... Read More

Diplotene

Definition noun The late stage of prophase I of meiosis I in which homologous chromosome pairs begin to separate and move... Read More

Anaphase I

Definition noun The third stage in the first meiotic division after prophase I, and highlights the separation of paired... Read More

Independent Assortment and Crossing Over

Reviewed by: Mary Anne Clark, Ph.D.The previous tutorial investigates the process of meiosis, where... Read More

Non-sister chromatid

Definition noun, plural: non-sister chromatids Either of the two chromatids of any of the paired (homologous)... Read More

Cytokinesis

The cell cycle of eukaryotes is a cyclical series of biological events that certain asexual cells go through. The cell cycle... Read More

Zygotene

Definition noun, plural: zygotenes The sub-stage of prophase I of meiosis I in which the homologous chromosomes pair or come... Read More

Monosomy

Definition noun (genetics) A type of aneuploidy characterized by the loss of a single chromosome of the normal... Read More

Allotetraploid

Allotetraploid Definition An allotetraploid is an organism with four sets of chromosomes (4n). This is in contrast to the... Read More